Watches are more than just time-telling devices — they’re finely crafted instruments that often hold significant monetary and sentimental value. From heirloom timepieces to luxury modern watches, each is designed with precision. But no matter how well-designed a watch may be, it remains vulnerable to one of the most common causes of failure: water damage. At Steven Hale Watch Restoration (SHWR), based in the heart of London, we are experts in diagnosing, repairing, and preventing water damage in both modern and vintage watches.

This article explores the types of water damage that can affect your timepiece, the underlying causes, symptoms to watch out for, and how SHWR restores damaged watches to full functionality. We'll also share preventative measures and offer insight into why water resistance should never be taken for granted.

Understanding Water Resistance and Its Limitations

Before diving into water damage issues, it’s important to clarify what “water-resistant” really means. Many owners assume their watch is waterproof, when in fact, no watch is truly waterproof — even those marketed for diving.

Watch manufacturers often list resistance levels in metres or ATM (atmospheres), which represent pressure levels the watch can withstand in controlled lab conditions:

• 30m / 3ATM: Splash-proof; not suitable for swimming

• 50m / 5ATM: OK for showering or light swimming

• 100m / 10ATM and above: Suitable for serious water activities or diving

However, daily wear, knocks, or even natural ageing can reduce a watch’s water resistance over time. That’s why SHWR always advises regular testing, especially for watches used in or around water.

Common Causes of Watch Water Damage

1. Worn Gaskets and Seals

The primary defence against water is a system of rubber or silicone gaskets fitted around the crystal, caseback, crown, and pushers. Over time, these gaskets can crack, shrink, or lose elasticity, rendering them ineffective.

2. Open or Unscrewed Crowns

The crown is a notorious point of entry for water, especially when it is pulled out to adjust the time. If a watch has a screw-down crown and it’s not properly secured, water can easily seep in, especially during washing or swimming.

3. Cracked Crystal or Case

A damaged case or cracked crystal — often caused by accidental drops or knocks — allows moisture to creep inside. Even the tiniest fracture can break the seal.

4. Sudden Temperature Changes

Moving quickly between hot and cold environments (such as from a sauna into cold air) can cause condensation inside the watch. While the outer case might be sealed, water vapour can penetrate seals more easily than liquid water.

5. Ageing of Vintage Watches

Vintage and antique watches are often more susceptible to moisture, not just because of weaker seals but also due to design differences in earlier models. SHWR regularly sees vintage pieces with water ingress issues that modern watches are designed to withstand.

Symptoms of Water Damage in a Watch

Water ingress often presents in subtle ways before causing major harm:

• Fogging or condensation under the crystal

• Discoloured or oxidised dial/hands

• Rust spots visible inside or on the movement

• Movement malfunction or erratic timekeeping

• Stiff crown or pushers due to corrosion

• Faded lume on hands or markers

If any of these symptoms appear, especially fogging, the watch should be brought in for assessment as soon as possible. Delaying repair increases the chance of irreversible damage.

How SHWR Fixes Water-Damaged Watches

At Steven Hale Watch Restoration, our approach to water-damaged watches is both technical and compassionate. We understand the craftsmanship involved and treat each watch — whether a Rolex, Omega, Cartier, or antique pocket watch — with meticulous care.

1. Thorough Inspection and Assessment

Each watch undergoes a detailed visual and mechanical assessment. Using microscopes and moisture meters, we identify the entry point and assess the extent of the damage — including whether the movement or dial has been affected.

2. Full Disassembly

The movement is completely disassembled, including every gear, jewel, and spring. This is a vital step, as even unseen moisture can cause corrosion if not properly addressed.

3. Specialised Ultrasonic Cleaning

All components are cleaned using ultrasonic machines and specialised solutions. This removes any rust, corrosion, or mineral deposits that may have formed due to water exposure.

4. Dial and Hand Restoration

If the dial or hands are discoloured or oxidised, SHWR offers professional restoration, either replicating the original look or carefully preserving vintage patina. This is especially important for collectors who value authenticity.

5. Component Replacement

Rust-damaged gears, springs, or screws are replaced using manufacturer-approved or custom-made parts. We maintain a vast inventory of vintage and modern components, or machine replacements when necessary.

6. Reassembly and Lubrication

After cleaning and replacing parts, the movement is reassembled with appropriate oils at each friction point. Precise lubrication is key to long-term functionality and performance.

7. Re-Sealing and Water Resistance Testing

New gaskets are installed around the crystal, caseback, crown, and pushers. The watch then undergoes pressure testing using dry and wet vacuum systems to ensure water resistance is restored to its original specification.

Case Study: Vintage Omega Seamaster Restoration

A client brought in a 1960s Omega Seamaster that had been submerged accidentally. The watch had visible fog under the glass, and the movement had stopped entirely.

SHWR disassembled the movement and discovered corrosion in the balance wheel and several bridges. The dial had suffered moisture staining, but the client opted to preserve its patina. Replacement parts were sourced from our vintage stock, and the watch was reassembled and regulated. A final water-resistance test confirmed it was safe for daily wear — though we advised against future water exposure.

Preventing Water Damage: Advice from SHWR

• Annual water resistance testing: Especially important for active users or divers.

• Always screw down crowns before washing or swimming.

• Avoid hot tubs and saunas with your watch on, as heat affects seals.

• Don’t set time underwater – always do it on dry land.

• Service your watch every 3–5 years to keep seals and lubricants in good condition.

• Remove your watch during heavy rain or showering, unless it’s specifically built for water use.

Why Choose SHWR for Watch Water Damage Repair?

• In-house master watchmakers with decades of experience

• Dedicated restoration studio in London

• Access to genuine manufacturer parts

• Specialised tools and pressure-testing equipment

• Restoration of both aesthetics and mechanical integrity

• Experience with rare and vintage models

Whether you’re dealing with slight condensation or severe flooding, SHWR has the expertise, equipment, and care required to restore your watch to working order. We combine traditional horology with modern technology, making us the trusted name in the UK for watch repair and restoration.

Conclusion

Water damage is one of the most common — and most preventable — watch repair issues. While it may start subtly, unchecked water ingress can cause long-term damage to a watch’s movement and appearance. At Steven Hale Watch Restoration, we pride ourselves on offering meticulous, expert care for water-damaged timepieces. From luxury watches to cherished family heirlooms, our goal is to preserve the value and performance of every watch we service.

If your watch has suffered water exposure or is showing signs of condensation, don’t wait. Contact SHWR today for a professional assessment — because time doesn’t wait, and neither should you.